Kokborok kokni hamkrai lamao kebengswnal

 

Kokborok kokni hamkrai lamao kebengswnal

                                            -Janaka Tripura(Aslong)

         Kaisa bwphang bwsano torwna logrwna hwnkhe bono kahamkhe naikani khaiwi ha kahamo nangmani satung-watui, nobar, Carbon dioxide(co²) rikhese a phuphang dotino toro logo, o nangmani manwirog manyakhe a buphang torna logna lernai tei thwiphano thangmano. Kokbo(Language) ahaino, bini sak-sakni hukumu mukumuno rwgwi toro logo.

 

         Kok(Language) kwrwikhe borokni sinimung kwrwi hukumu-mukumubo kwrwi, aboni bagwi o ha sakao kok achaiwi tongmung kwmakhe bini sinimungbo kwmawi thango. Ha sakao thangwi tongnani, borom mannani bagwi tei khoroksabai khoroksa kwrwnglainani lama. Aboni bagwi borokrogni tei kaisa nangkukmani manwi wngkha kok(Language).

 

       UNESCO no rwksawi 2009 bisio hayungni borok lekhamungo omobo sai manjakkha je tabuk hayungo bebagwi 6000-7000 kok tongo, arono bising 2500 kok kwmana(Endanger)  lamao sogwijak. Indiao tabuk jora bebagwi 880 koktongo  aroni bising 198 kokno Endanger tei North-Easto kai charchi chuku(89) khobjago. Tabuk joratwi Indiao bebagwi 31 official language tongo tei 22 kok(language) 8^th schedule Indian constitutionbai recognized wngjak.

 

       Puilao Kok tamono hwn? kokmango tamo tong abono kisa khursana kwlaio, Kokni(Language) kokmang sana thangkhai chwng jotono saimano khani kokno bukhuktwi khorang swnamui tei khoroksano kokmang gwnangkhe bujokmani wngkha kok. Kokni dalbidal kokmangno twiwi kokelem kwrwngrog janija wansukmung swilangkha-

 

"Language is a purely human and non-instinctive method of communicating ideas, emotions and desires by means of voluntarily produced symbols."
(Edward Sapir, Language: An Introduction to the Study of Speech. Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1921)

 

“A language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols by means of which a social group cooperates."
(B. Bloch and G. Trager, Outline of Linguistic Analysis. Waverly Press, 1942)

 

“From now on I will consider a language to be a set (finite or infinite) of sentences, each finite in length and constructed out of a finite set of elements."
(Noam Chomsky, Syntactic Structures, 1957)

         

Kokborok Tripura hasteo tongnai borok bosongrogni kaisa chongjak eba gosijak kok, bahaikhe chongjak eba gosijak abo wngkha ahai chwng hayungo achai phaikhe amani khugo je khwnamani abonono swrwngo, romdi khoroksa chwrai Murasingo dophao achai khe murasing kok, Reang dophao achaikhe Reang kok, Tripura dophao achaikhe Tipra kok, swrwngo. phiya joto borok ani amani kok kokborok hwnwi manya. Kokborok wngkha joto kokborok sani dopharogni kaisa chongjak kok, kokma raida gwnang kok, kokobok Debbarma bosongni kok hwnwi mano eba Tiprasarogni kok hwnwi mano.Tripura hasteo swkang jorani simi Tripurani Bubagrarog kokborokno sao tei Bubagra bosongni Borokrogno puila wansuk kwrwng lekhaipra tai swinani-khainani samungrog chengmani bagwi Tripura hasteo Debbarma bosongni koknono standard kokhwnwi chongjakkha.

Kokborok kokni laibumano cherwi naikhe saimano jora kaisa kokborok kokni mung kokborok tongmaniya, tai buphuruni simi chini kok kokborok hwnwi mung mankha abonibo kaisa laibuma tongo, abono phunukmari wngkha ahai-

H.C Sutherland.1860 bisio “Calcuttua Review”, vol.XXXV, NO-70 bijabni kango  kokborokni mungno a jora “ TIPPERAH”  hwnwi mung pharkha.

Tai khoroksa kokelem kwrwng Dr.Suniti kumar chatterji “ Ki-Rata-jana-kriti” Introduction; page no.3 bijao kokborokni mungno “Tipra tei Mrung” hwnwi salangkha.

 Teibo saimano Thakur Somendra Chandra Devarman M.A (harvad) maharaja Bir Bikram censusni bijabo Tripurani kokno swina thangthani “Language Theory” chapter-VIII o swikha “ tabuk Tripurao tongnai borokrog khorok 1,48,298. Aroni bising 39% no manikok “Tipura”

Phiyaba 1898 bisio phaiwi kokborokni mung kwlaisakhe swlaijagwi thangkha Doulat Ahamad bai swijak bijab “KOKBORMA” bijabo tripurani kokno “KOKBORAK”hwnwi mung pharwi rikha.

Aboni bisinwi ulo hainohai 1900 bisio phaiwi Radha Mohan Thakur bini Bijab“KAK-BARAK-MA”(Troipur kothamala tei Troipur basha bidhan) a grammer of the Tripura Language (in Bengali) oro Troi wngkha kaitham=kakborok+Bangla+English, o kaitham kokni kokrwbam  swimunghwnwi sajago. Oro Tripurani kokno “KAKBARAK” hwnwi mung rwkha.

          Aboni bisi tham ulo Tei khoroksa engrej swikwrwng Sir George A.Grierson’s 1909 bisio “ Linguistic survey of India” Vol.III, Pt-II, Bijabo kokborok kokno “ TIPURA” mung rikha. Phiyaba Doulat Ahamed tei Radha Mohan Thakur Tripura ni kokno Tipura eba Tepperah swiyawi kwlaisakhe kokborok hwnwi swilangkha abono kebo chernai kwrwi. Tamoni bagwi Tipura kokno survey khaina thangthani Research report-o waisa phano cherjakliya je Tipurani tai khaisa mung Kokborok, aswk kwbangma engrej swikwrwngrog salang manikhe gosijakya phiya Radha Mohan Thakur hai borokrogni swimung kwlaisakhe gosijakmani aboni kebengmung tabukbo swrai swraiya.obo wngkha Kokborok kokni laibuma.

          Tripura hasteo 1979 bisini 19 januaryo kokborok kokno haste hapangbai gosijakkha. A jorani simi haste hapangbai kokborokno swinani porinani sepbo rijakkha. A jorabai tabu bisi thamchisini wngkha tabukbo Kokborok kokni hamkrai lamao kebengmung palaiya. Tamoni bagwi aswk kebengmung?saborog kebengwi tong? bahaikhe kebengjagwi tonga aboni thaisa thainw kok oro khursawanw.

Scriptno twi kebengmung: kokborok kokno hamkrai lamao twlangnani o kokle salbrumno borokrogni khugo khwnao,phiya Scriptno twi tabukbo hasteo jwngjal-kebengmungle paisokyakhono hwnwino mano. Bahaikhe kebemung tong aboni kokno sana swkang kokborok scriptni laibwmano twi kisa khursana anw, 1^st centuryo Tripurani Bubagrarog jora kaisa“Rajratnakar”mungwi Bijabo kokborokno Koloma script bai swio hwnwi kotumabo manjakha, o Scriptni mungno Koloma. “Durlabendra ochai”mungwi borok khoroksa o scriptbai swilangkha hwinwibo salaio. Ulo 14^th centuryo phaiwi Sukreswar bai Vaneswar Brahmin khoroknwi abono Sanskrit aikhorbai philwi riphaikhe aphuruni simi o koloma script kwmanani chengo hwnwibo koktuma sajagwi tongo, ahaikhe 19^th centuryokhe Bubagra khoro Banglani boyar sipmabai Bubagra BirChandra Mnikyani simi chengwi Birbikram jora Banglani swimung bangwi thangkha, Bangla bisi 1309-o Bubagra Radha kishore Manikya kaisa koktun bwlai swimani tongo Ramani Mohan Chotopadyni thani  arobo sakha “ami bongo bashake praner tulya balobasi”(Krishnapad datta , Tripura Itikotha) tabukle koloma scriptno karwile kokborokse kwmatwi kwmatwi.kokborokni swimung Bangla/Roman, Abono twibo kwbangma jwngjal pailaiya baksa borokrog Bangla chajago baksa Roman chajao.

        Pabitra sarkar commission (Bhasa commission) 2004 ni jwngjalnobo kisa khursana kwlaio, Tripura hasteo 1979 bisio kokborok haphangbai gosijakma swkangni simino hasteo jechatwi je soktwi kokborokni swimungrog swilai phailaikha. kwbangma swikwrwngrog baksaba Bangla Baksaba Engreji ahaikhe bisi koklokma romwi swilai phaijak,  phiya abo 2000 bisirogo phaiwi abo kwchang kwchang tongliya, o jwngjalni yakagna hwnwi  kolkatani pabitra sarkarni mungwi “Pabitra sarkar commission” eba “Bhasa commission” hwnwi kaisa report Tripura haphangni thani  2005 july talni chasalo 102 no page commission report rijakkha, a jora hasteo khorok 1200 borok ,kaibachi(50) rwngnok tei swrwngnai, phwrwngnairogni khugo kokborokno swinani jwngjalni kokbo khursajakkha. Census report-o 70.30% boroknono roman script chajkmani kokbo sajkkha phiya haphang o reportni koktwi samung tangliya aswkse kok.

Pabitra sarkar samani kok “'We have not recorded our own opinions on the issue but mentioned in the report that themajority of tribal students, teachers, intellectuals and common people want their language to be written in Roman script”

phiyaba a jorani samung tangnai Kumud Kundu Chowdhury tai Professor Suhas Chatterjee Songhai borogrogni yaktwi je chatwi samungni barja rijakkha. A jorani former chief minister Dasarat Debbarmabo Banglano support khailangkha, abohai kwbangma jwngjalrog tabukbo pailaiya, bahaikhe kokborok kokni hamkrai rutuknai, kasana naikhe yarwng tansowi khibilaio.

Swikwrwng Lt. Shyamacharan Tripurani twiphangbai “Script selection committee Development for kokborok”  1990 bisini 19^th june kaisa motha swnamjak oro kokborok swinai tei swrwngnairigni gosimung 90% no tongo hwnwi saimanjakkha. Saimano aphuruni simino TTAADC o roman scriptbai swinani kisa kisa chengjago hwnwi.

 

           Aboni yagulo 2004 bisio “Movment for Kokborok”(MFK) luajimungbai agulini Sukanta Academyo kaisa seminar songsajak “The National seminar on kokborok script youth special reference to representation” o seminarni reporto tabukni sikla chalairog roman scriptno chajakmani gosimung rikha 88.98% tai Bangla scripto gosimung nukjakkha 4.16% , haiphano o scriptni jwngjalle twima kwcharose.

 

 

Politicsni Kebengmung: kubunni kokle saliya kokborok kokni hamkrai khwlaithanibo Politicsni kebengmungle tongwino tongo, Tripurani kokno sanathangkhai nugo kwbangma Rwngnogono Politicsni kebengmungbai Kokborokni subject phwrwngnani chengjakya, bahaikhe hwnkhe kaisa rwngnogo kokborokni subjectno phiyokna thangkhai aro phwrwngnai sitoknani kokbo phaio, haikhe o phwrwngnaino sitok thani politicsni yaktwi samung bwtang naharjago, abono karwibo chajakma chajakyani kokbo nukjago,kokborok phwrwngkhe  jatigoto koksao politicsni hamya sao abohai kokrog kasao,

   jora kaisa Dasrat Debbarma ni jora TTAADC yaktwi kokborok teacher(KBT) hwnwi rwngrem sa nisimi rwngrem chi jora medium base phrwng nanibo sitokjakkha, abobo haino “ musikhini khum barmahai”. Kokborok kokni hamkrai khaithani politics hapmani abo kahambuya hamyabuyase.

Kokthai wamungni kebengmung(Spelling method): Banglabai phano Romanbai phano kokboroko spellingni twibo kebengmungle tongkho, Banglabai swinairog banglabai chajago Romanbai swinairog Romanno Chajago Phiya chajakmani bisingbo spellingni jwngjalbo kwbangma, romanbai swinairogni kokno sana thangkhe nugo

        Kokborok-o vowel kaidok tongo A,E,I,O,U,W o kaidokni bising “W” vowelni kokthai swilaithani tabukbo jwngjal pailaiya, kokboroko Wak kokthai swina thangthani baksa Uak swio, wansukmung kokthaino swithani baksa borok swio Uansukmung, bubo chasok bubo chaya aboni Answer tabukbo kwrwi, kokborok spelling swithani tabukbo chaya aswkno kwbang aborok wngkha ahairog – KAKBARAK,KOK-BORAK, KOK-BOROK, kwbangma jagao internetrogo kubun dophani borokrog jemansak phiyaknani swimungse swilaisio. Abo chini thinangni bwswk kebengmung wansukthai.

         Abono karwibo kokborokni high tone/low toneni kokhai swithanibo tabukbo kwrwngsa jagao wngwi manlaiyakho, kisa misale jwngjal kwphajakno tongkho. Chwng saimano Kokborok tonal language wngmabai kaisa kokthaini juda juda kokmang rio,aborogno khamao kaisa kainwi phunukmari rijakkha.

 

Example –

                 (1) Bai-older sister                                     (2) jora-time

                      Bai-to break                                                jora-joint

                      Bai-with (kokborok post position)

 

 

(3)Hor-night                                                                (4) Pai-buy

    Hor-carrying in back                                                     pai-to win

    Hor-to send for                                                             pai -end

    Hor-fire

 

Abohai kwbangma kokthai kokborogo tongo , abono kokbwtang o swina thangthani dalbidal raida tikhwlaiwi swilaimabo tongo.

 

Example – Bo tei thang gwlakkha    (Thang- to live)

                  Bo tei thang gwlakjha    ( thang- go )

 

Obohai kokthairogni khorang chiring/lem phunuknani raidabo swnamsailaikha o khorang chiring/lemni tai koktahaini kokmang pherlaimani sinimung rithani phunukmari rikha-

 

1, chiring/lem phunukthani “h” thepawi swimung

 

Thang=thangh(high tone) -go

             Thang(low tone)  -to live

 

Pai= pai(low tone)-buy

        Paih(high tone)- to win

 

2, “aa” vowel kainwi thepawi kokthai pherlaimani swimung

      Paai =to win

      Pai=buy

3. digratic mark (‘) thepawi swimung

      Thang =to live

       Tháng=go

       Obohai swimungrogno baksa gosio baksa gosiya, bubo soi bubo soiya aboni twibo kwbangma jwngjal pailaiya, baksaba kainwi vowel thepawi swimani chao, baksaba diagatic markbai swikhe chao , abohai kwbangma janija chajakmani opinion rwlaio bo lamatwi thangkhe solve wngnai aboni lama tabukbo nukjakyakho,

      Omhai kaisa kainwi tabukbo hamkraini lamano kebengmung riwi tongo. Tripura universityo 1994 bisini simi kokborok certificate khe phaiwi 2002 bisio kokborok Diploma tei thangnai 2015 bisini simi kokborok M.A course phwrwngjagwi tongo. Omono kwthang laibumao tiswi narwkna hwnkhe jotono kaisa thaio, kaisa opinion, kaisano wansukmung, wnglaina nangnai. Haikhe oboni mai-khul tabukse nukya phano ulo chini suk-thaini oro phano aboni bwthai kaham machanai, jesa phano wngyhun Thinang kokborok kokni hamkrai khaina thangkhe omohai jwngjalni yakagna nangnai, tei hamkrai phaina hwnkhe ani wansukmatwi omo samungrogbo khwlaimankhe chanai hwnwi khakhaio,omorog wngkha-

1, kokborok subjectno college,Diploma tai Master Degreeo simi tonyawi class-I ni simi class-X jora language group subjecto mapori rinai,

2,kokborok haphangbai gosijak hasteni kokse hwnkhe chwng tabukni simi joto application, letter , memorandumrog kokborok baino swilaikhe chanai.

3,Hasteni Habanok, Rwngnok, Station tei phalnok obohai kwbangma thairogo kokborokbai poster thepawi mankhe chanai.

4, kokborokni library hasteni joto-sub divisiono khuloknani bagwi haphangni thani eba Tribal walfairni thani koimankhe chanai,

5, Haphangni yagtwi talo kangsa kokrwbai bwlai karimung sepno teibo bangrinani bagwi koimankhe chanai.

6, kokborokbai koktuma bwlairog teibo kwbangkhe tikhlai mankhe kokborokni sinimung hiliknai.

7. tabukni privet T.V channelrogo  cartoon kokborokbai tikhlai mankhe tabuni cherairog kokborokni phaising teibo khawarnai.

8,kokborok kokrwbai swimungo khabacharwna bagwi kami-kami thangwi kokborok sanai bosongrogni thani awareness programme makhainai.

 9,Tabukni simi buma bupha hwnjaknairog Bwsa-bwtwini mungrogno kokborokbai pharkhe chanai.

10,Dordharsan /AIR  kokborok pandano teibo jorakwbang rwnani bagwi salaikhe chanai.

 

jesa phano wngthung kokborok tiprasarogni kok o kokni hamkrai khaithani nini ani hwnyawi jotono baksakhe samung khainani nangnai, ani kok kokborok nini kok kawbru binikhe Tiprakok hwnyawi chwng jotono buma kaisani bwsa o kokno khao machobnai.